: The process by which a ruling class maintains power not through force, but by shaping the "common sense" of society.
: Institutions like schools, churches, and media spread the values of the dominant class, making them appear natural and inevitable.
: He argued the state uses "political society" (police/army) for coercion and "civil society" (culture/religion) to gain spontaneous consent.
Gramsci’s most famous contribution is the theory of .