The 2008 financial crisis forced a paradigm shift in how criminal justice was administered, introducing the concept of to a field previously less touched by economic austerity.
One of the most significant legislative developments of that year was the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 in the UK.
: It aimed to modernize the management of offenders, amend criminal law to better combat disorder, and introduce stricter measures for fine defaulters—who, according to studies that year, had an 85% likelihood of returning to prison.