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Hallux valgus, often referred to as a bunion, is a prevalent forefoot deformity, affecting 23% to 35% of the population, with a higher incidence in women. The pathology involves a lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, leading to a prominent bursa on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. While pain is the primary driver for seeking care, many patients also report cosmetic concerns and difficulty with footwear. 2. Etiology and Pathogenesis

Hallux valgus (HV) is a complex, three-dimensional, progressive forefoot deformity characterized by medial deviation of the first metatarsal and lateral deviation of the hallux. It is a common condition, often associated with pain, reduced walking ability, and pressure on the lesser toes. This paper reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, conservative management strategies, and various surgical interventions aimed at correcting the deformity and relieving symptoms. 1. Introduction Download Hallux valgus pdf

Female sex, age, family history, flat feet (pes planus), and chronic wearing of narrow-toed, high-heeled shoes. Hallux valgus, often referred to as a bunion,