: Long-term use disrupts brain circuits responsible for judgment, decision-making, and stress, making it difficult for individuals to stop even when they want to. Identifying the Warning Signs

This feature explores the multifaceted nature of drug and alcohol misuse, examining its impact on the brain, the warning signs that indicate a growing problem, and the staggering societal costs.

: Most drugs flood the brain's reward circuit with dopamine, creating euphoria.

: Over time, the brain reduces its natural dopamine production, leading to tolerance —the need for higher amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.

Substance use disorders (SUD) typically manifest through a combination of physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms.

Addiction is defined as a characterized by compulsive seeking and use of substances despite harmful consequences.