(1913–1936): Focused primarily on pre-modern history and was largely authored by European scholars.
The EI has been released in three distinct scholarly editions:
Encyclopaedia of Islam Online (English) - Brill Reference Works
The is widely considered the standard scholarly reference work for Islamic studies. Published by Brill , it offers comprehensive academic coverage of Islamic history, culture, religion, and geography. Major Editions
: Most academic libraries provide access through portals like UW-Madison or Princeton .
: The Encyclopaedia of Islam Online allows users to search across all editions.
: Direct access is available for purchase from Brill, with rates such as $18.00 for one day or $99.00 for 30 days.
(2007–Present): Currently in progress and updated four times a year. It emphasizes the 20th century, global Muslim minorities, and expanded social science perspectives. Access and Research Options