: Anticipated incidental loss of civilian life or damage to civilian objects must not be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
: It is illegal to target homes, schools, or hospitals. Civilians must be shielded from the effects of military operations. International humanitarian law
IHL mandates specific protections for those not involved in active fighting: : Anticipated incidental loss of civilian life or
: Those deprived of their liberty must be treated humanely and protected from violence or intimidation. International humanitarian law