Psy 103 Learning Process «Pro - CHEAT SHEET»

The most foundational theories of learning stem from , which focuses on observable actions rather than internal thoughts. This is divided into two main types:

Encoding strategies—such as , elaboration , and organization —determine how effectively a person moves information into long-term storage. Unlike conditioning, cognitive learning emphasizes understanding, problem-solving, and the "aha!" moment of insight. 3. Social Learning: Observation and Imitation Psy 103 Learning Process

B.F. Skinner expanded this by focusing on consequences . Here, learning occurs through reinforcement and punishment. If a behavior is followed by a reward (reinforcement), it is likely to be repeated; if followed by an unpleasant outcome (punishment), it diminishes. This "feedback loop" is the basis for everything from habit formation to workplace productivity. 2. The Cognitive Perspective: Mental Processing The most foundational theories of learning stem from

The learning process is not universal; it is shaped by several internal and external variables: Here, learning occurs through reinforcement and punishment

Pioneered by Ivan Pavlov, this process involves learning through association . By repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus (like a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (like food), the neutral stimulus eventually triggers a conditioned response. In human terms, this explains how we develop emotional triggers, phobias, or even "gut feelings" about certain environments.