Żydzi, Polacy i Kozacy. Otwarta rana Humania - Polskie Radio

The title suggests that the events of 1768 remain a source of historical tension and differing national narratives:

: While the massacre is remembered by Poles and Jews as a horrific crime and a tragedy, it is often viewed in Ukrainian national historiography as a stage of a national liberation uprising.

: The phrase was the title of a radio program featuring Krzysztof Kopczyński, co-author of the book and documentary "Dybbuk. A Tale of Wandering Souls" (Dybuk. Opowieść o nieważności świata), which explores how these historical ghosts haunt the present-day city of Uman. The Role of Uman Today

: Estimates vary widely among historians, but it is generally accepted that thousands lost their lives in the slaughter. Why it is an "Open Wound"

: Modern tensions are highlighted by the existence of monuments to the leaders of the massacre, Zalizniak and Gonta, in Uman today, which remains a place of deep emotional significance for all three groups.

The phrase (Jews, Poles, and Cossacks: The Open Wound of Uman) refers to a significant and tragic historical event known as the Massacre of Uman (Rzeź Humańska), which occurred in June 1768. Historical Background: The Massacre of Uman

Today, Uman is globally recognized as a pilgrimage site for , who visit the grave of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. This adds a layer of modern coexistence and complexity to a city still scarred by its 18th-century "open wound".