The "eyes" of the system that measure variables like temperature, speed, or pressure.

James Watt's centrifugal governor (1788) was a major milestone, used to control the speed of steam engines automatically. Mathematical Tools

Visual tools used to predict how a system will react to different frequencies or changes in gain. Araştırma Grubu | Otomatik Kontrol Laboratuvarı

At its heart, automatic control is about . The system looks at its current state, compares it to where it should be, and makes an adjustment.

Engineering students typically study this using complex math to ensure a system is "stable" (meaning it doesn't spiral out of control). Key tools include:

While we often think of automation as modern, the roots go back centuries: